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Prolonged exposure to stressful environments is associated with adverse psychological outcomes, including sleep disturbance and burnout. Burnout rates have increased substantially during the unprecedented challenges faced by healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since burnout has been associated with significant health risk and adverse organizational outcomes, it is important to identify factors that inform preventive or therapeutic approaches to mitigate adverse outcomes in HCWs.Participants were HCWs (physicians, nurses, advanced practice providers, technicians etc.) from 4 emergency departments in New York City who completed a cross-sectional electronic survey (completed at study enrollment between November 2020-October 2021). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) assessed global sleep quality. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) assessed 3 burnout dimensions: emotional exhaustion (EE; feelings of being emotionally overextended and exhausted by one's work); Feelings of depersonalization (DP; unfeeling and impersonal response towards patients); and reduced personal accomplishment (PA; feelings of competence and successful achievement in one's work). Descriptive statistics were calculated and separate binary logistic regressions were used to predict poor global sleep quality (PSQI >5) from individual MBI subscales (dimensions of burnout), while controlling for age, race, ethnicity, and gender.Ninety-one participants, studied to date, were included in the analysis (51% non-Hispanic/Latino White, 63% female, mean age: 40 [SD: 9.6] y). Poor global sleep quality was reported by 68%. High EE (score >9), DP (score >6) and reduced PA (score <9) were reported by 44%, 27%, and 18% of participants, respectively. Poor global sleep quality was significantly associated with presence of elevated EE (OR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.07-8.63, p=0.037), but not with elevated DP (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.44-4.10, p=0.603) or reduced PA (OR: 3.29, 95% CI: 0.65-16.44, p=0.146).During the COVID-19 pandemic, poor sleep quality was reported by the majority of participants and associated with increased burnout in HCWs. Poor global sleep appears to have the most influence on the burnout dimension EE, thus suggesting new evidence about associations between sleep and emotional regulation in HCW during the pandemic. Future trials should test whether existing (or novel) interventions can improve sleep and thereby support HCWs in high stress periods.R01HL146911

There is a need for increased access to confidential mental health services in the law enforcement community to abate the impact post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) causes the officer, agency, and community. Officers repeatedly expose themselves to traumatic experiences often without an opportunity to formally process the psychophysiological fallout experienced throughout the day as the officer continues policing the community. Depression rates in law enforcement are generally double that of the general United States (U.S.) population. Tragically, death by suicide in the law enforcement community remains double the U.S. rate. Building and expanding access to robust health and wellness agency programs tailored specifically to law enforcement professionals has proven instrumental throughout the lifespan of an officer’s career.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) and public safety personnel (PSP) across the globe have continued to face ethically and morally challenging situations during the COVID-19 pandemic that increase their risk for the development of moral distress (MD) and moral injury (MI). To date, however, the global circumstances that confer risk for MD and MI in these cohorts have not been systematically explored, nor have the unique circumstances that may exist across countries been explored. Here, we sought to identify and compare, across the globe, potentially morally injurious or distressful events (PMIDEs) in HCWs and PSP during the COVID-19 pandemic. A scoping review was conducted to identify and synthesize global knowledge on PMIDEs in HCWs and select PSP. Six databases were searched, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsychInfo, CINAHL, and Global Health. A total of 1,412 articles were retrieved, of which 57 articles were included in this review. These articles collectively described the experiences of samples from 19 different countries, which were comprised almost exclusively of HCWs. Given the lack of PSP data, the following results should not be generalized to PSP populations without further research. Using qualitative content analysis, six themes describing circumstances associated with PMIDEs were identified: (1) Risk of contracting or transmitting COVID-19; (2) Inability to work on the frontlines; (3) Provision of suboptimal care; (4) Care prioritization and resource allocation; (5) Perceived lack of support and unfair treatment by their organization; and (6) Stigma, discrimination, and abuse. HCWs described a range of emotions related to these PMIDEs, including anxiety, fear, guilt, shame, burnout, anger, and helplessness. Most PMIDE themes appeared to be shared globally, particularly the ‘Risk of contracting or transmitting COVID-19’ and the ‘Perceived lack of support and unfair treatment by their organization.’ Articles included within the theme of ‘Stigma, discrimination, and abuse’ represented the smallest global distribution of all PMIDE themes. Overall, the present review provides insight into PMIDEs encountered by HCWs across the globe during COVID-19. Further research is required to differentiate the experience of PSP from HCWs, and to explore the impact of social and cultural factors on the experience of MD and MI.

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This resource is found in our Actionable Strategies for Public Safety Organizations: Drivers (Relational Breakdown) AND Drivers (Operational Breakdown)

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the impact of COVID-19 on hospice Interdisciplinary team (IDT) members’ self-reported stress and identify possible sources of moral distress. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using Qualtrics to understand the impact of COVID-19 on quality improvement initiative implementation and hospice IDT members’ general and dementia-specific care provision. Directed qualitative content analysis was used to analyze hospice IDT members’ responses from five open-ended survey questions that were indicative of stress and possible moral distress. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 101 unique respondents and 175 comments analyzed. Three categories related to sources of moral distress based on hospice IDT member survey responses were identified: (1) impact of telehealth, personal protective equipment (PPE), and visit restrictions on relationships; (2) lack of COVID-19-specific skills; and (3) organizational climate. Sources of moral distress were categorized in 40% of all responses analyzed. SIGNIFIGANCE OF RESULTS: This study is one of the first to document and confirm evidence of potential stress and moral distress amongst hospice IDT members during COVID-19. It is imperative given the possible negative impact on patient care and clinician well-being, that future research and interventions incorporate mechanisms to support clinicians’ emotional and ethical attunement and support organizations to actively engage in practices that address clinician moral distress resulting from restrictive environments, such as the one necessitated by COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: Potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) are events that contradict one's own personal ethics and may promote a deep sense of violation, leading to psychological distress. Individuals with greater trait gratitude and mindfulness may be less likely to perceive events as being morally injurious and may, in turn, be less likely to experience subsequent distress. The current study seeks to examine (a) PMIE rates in a multioccupational first responder sample and (b) the indirect effect of trait gratitude and mindfulness on psychological distress via fewer perceived PMIEs. METHOD: 293 first responders from agencies/departments within southeastern Texas (in-person) and nationwide (online) completed a survey assessing PMIEs, PTSD symptoms (PCL-C), anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-8), gratitude (GRAT-S), and mindfulness (MAAS). RESULTS: PMIEs were common (61% witnessed a transgression; 21% committed a transgression; 40% felt betrayed by others). Gratitude was indirectly associated with fewer PTSD [-.09, 95% CI (-.13, -.05)], anxiety [-.03, 95% CI (-.04, -.01)], and depression [-.03, 95% CI (-.05, -.01)] symptoms via lower PMIEs. Similarly, mindfulness was indirectly associated with fewer PTSD [-.92, 95% CI (-1.55, -.38)], anxiety [-.20, 95% CI (-.42, .02)], and depression [-.26, 95% CI (-.48, -.06)] symptoms via lower PMIEs. CONCLUSIONS: PMIEs were common in this first responder sample and associated with increased distress. Trait gratitude and mindfulness may protect first responders from perceiving events as morally injurious, which may lead to improved mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The nurse practitioner (NP) workforce in community health centers (CHCs) increases access to primary care for underserved populations. Working with medically complex patients, high workloads, and low resources in the CHC setting, CHC NPs may be susceptible to poor workforce outcomes. This study uses NP survey data collected from 6 US states to describe and assess the relationship between CHC NP practice environment and burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. CHC NPs rated their practice environments favorably, and more than 89% of CHC NPs reported satisfaction with their job. Better rating of NPs' relationship with CHC administration was associated with improved job satisfaction and decreased turnover intention.

Burnout is an occupational syndrome resulting from chronic workplace stress not appropriately managed. In nursing, burnout has been associated with adverse job characteristics (e.g., high responsibility for others, heavy workload, lack of infrastructure), with negative outcomes for the individual, the organization, and the recipients of care. The objective of this review is to describe the approaches used to predict burnout of practicing nurses to allow health care organizations to proactively address nursing burnout. We searched Scopus and PubMed for publications containing either in their title or abstract the terms “nurs*”, “burnout”, and “predict*” from 1970 to 2021. Our multi-phase screening process resulted in 312 papers. A gap in existing research relates to the primary method all studies but one used to capture data—questionnaires. Burnout is essentially a cumulative condition, and questionnaires identify the damage reactively, after burnout is experienced, by placing an additional demand on the individual, i.e., they further increase workload. Methods, ideally requiring minimal effort, to predict, not detect, burnout are needed so that individuals and organizations can take measures to prevent, reduce, and ultimately eliminate burnout among nurses and other clinicians. © 2022 “IISE”.

OBJECTIVE: One potential barrier to optimal healthcare may be provider burnout or occupational-related stress in the workplace. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review to identify the predictors of burnout among US. healthcare providers. DESIGN: Systematic review using in-depth critical appraisal to assess risk of bias and present the quality of evidence in synthesised results from the prognostic studies. DATA SOURCES: We searched 11 databases, registries, existing reviews and contacted experts through 4 October 2021. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies We included all studies evaluating potential predictors and documenting the presence and absence of associations with burnout assessed as a multidimensional construct. We excluded studies that relied solely on a single continuous subscale of burnout. Data were abstracted from eligible studies and checked for accuracy by a content expert and a methodologist. Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently screened citations and full-text publications using predetermined eligibility criteria. RESULTS: The 141 identified studies evaluated a range of burnout predictors. Findings for demographic characteristics were conflicting or show no association. Workplace factors, such as workload, work/life balance, job autonomy and perceived support from leadership, had stronger associations with risk for burnout. Mental health factors, such as anxiety, and physical health risks may increase the risk, although the direction of these associations is unclear as few prospective studies exist to address this question. Factors such as social support appear to have a protective effect. CONLCUSION: We found the most evidence for workplace, mental health and psychosocial factors in predicting burnout but limited evidence for other potential predictors. However, more prospective studies are needed to improve our understanding about how to prevent provider burnout. PROSPERO registration number CRD4202014836.

Although burnout has been increasingly well studied among medical (nurses, physicians, residents) and mental health providers (psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers), there continues to be a lack of attention on the well-being of community-based providers, such as Community Health Workers (CHWs), within the United States. Using cross-sectional data from 75 CHWs employed in 14 agencies funded through the Maternal and Infant Community Health Collaboratives Initiative (MICHC) in New York, our study examined predictors (anxiety, physical health, adverse childhood experiences, job satisfaction, role certainty, demographic and work characteristics) of burnout, compassion fatigue (CF) and compassion satisfaction (CS). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize our sample and linear regression was employed to investigate the correlates of burnout, CF and CS. Results indicated that CHWs with higher levels of anxiety and lower job satisfaction were more likely to have higher burnout scores. CHWs with higher levels of anxiety, lower job satisfaction and fewer days of poorer health were more likely to report higher CF. Those who worked more than 35 h per week were less likely to report higher CS. The study provides recommendations for organizational-level interventions to address risk factors of burnout and CF and promote CS among CHWs, such as bolstering supervision, encouraging greater communication, offering recognition/appreciation of CHWs and creating opportunities for self-care. Findings should be considered when designing organizational-level preventive measures that mitigate burnout and CF and promote CS.

Physicians are particularly vulnerable to mental health symptoms during global stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Such stressors can increase death anxiety, which is a vulnerability factor for psychological dysfunction. Thus, exposure to COVID-related death may play a unique role in physicians’ mental health during the pandemic. This cross-sectional study collected self-reported data from 485 resident physicians and fellows. Participants reported mental health symptoms, including posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), burnout, and functional impairment due to the pandemic. Participants also reported death anxiety, COVID-19 anxiety, cognitive accessibility of death-related thoughts (DTA), and workplace exposure to COVID-19. Death anxiety, COVID-19 anxiety, DTA, and workplace COVID-19 exposure all independently predicted PTSS. Furthermore, COVID-19 anxiety and DTA interacted to predict PTSS, such that high levels of COVID-19 anxiety predicted higher PTSS, regardless of DTA level. Death anxiety and COVID-19 workplace exposure interacted to predict PTSS as well, such that death anxiety predicted PTSS only when COVID-19 exposure was high. Burnout was predicted by COVID-19 anxiety and workplace exposure, and COVID-related functional impairment was predicted by death anxiety and COVID anxiety. These findings demonstrate that death-related and COVID-related concerns, independently and in interaction with each other, play an important role in psychological distress among physicians.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: (1) To investigate the vulnerability of nurses to experiencing professional burnout and low fulfilment across 5 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic. (2) To identify modifiable variables in hospital leadership and individual vulnerabilities that may mitigate these effects. BACKGROUND: Nurses were at increased risk for burnout and low fulfilment prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Hospital leadership factors such as organisational structure and open communication and consideration of employee opinions are known to have positive impacts on work attitudes. Personal risk factors for burnout include symptoms of depression and anxiety. METHODS: Healthcare workers (n = 406 at baseline, n = 234 longitudinal), including doctors (n = 102), nurses (n = 94), technicians (n = 90) and non‐clinical administrative staff (n = 120), completed 5 online questionnaires, once per month, for 5 months. Participants completed self‐report questionnaires on professional fulfilment and burnout, perceptions of healthcare leadership, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Participants were recruited from various healthcare settings in the southeastern United States. The STROBE checklist was used to report the present study. RESULTS: Both at baseline and across the 5 months, nurses working during the COVID‐19 pandemic reported increased burnout and decreased fulfilment relative to doctors. For all participants, burnout remained largely steady and fulfilment decreased slightly. The strongest predictors of both burnout and fulfilment were organisational structure and depressive symptoms. Leadership consideration and anxiety symptoms had smaller, yet significant, relationships to burnout and fulfilment in longitudinal analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Burnout and reduced fulfilment remain a problem for healthcare workers, especially nurses. Leadership styles and employee symptoms of depression and anxiety are appropriate targets for intervention. Relevance to clinical practice Leadership wishing to reduce burnout and increase fulfilment among employees should increase levels of organisational support and consideration and expand supports to employees seeking treatment for depression and anxiety.

OBJECTIVE: During the COVID-19 pandemic, burnout of healthcare workers, including anesthetists, has become a critical issue. This study aimed to provide a practical framework for decreasing and preventing burnout among anesthesiology residents through preserving their good mental health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak, anesthesiology residents have been members of medical teams with the attending staff, senior residents, and partner residents. Besides, the following measures were taken to reduce burnout: providing financial support for the attending staff to procure personal protective equipment (PPE), rearrangement of work schedules to reduce the workload, holding training sessions in virtual meetings, and improving the social network system for reducing burnout. RESULTS: The interventional program could help anesthesiology residents to adapt to or cope with the healthcare system status and also prevent burnout. Moreover, development of empathy, integrity, and cohesion in the healthcare system motivated the staff to comply with the principles of medical professionalism. CONCLUSION: During the current health crisis due to COVID-19, it is essential to implement specific interventional and training programs for decreasing or preventing burnout among healthcare workers.

BACKGROUND: Mental illness among physicians is an increasingly recognized concern. Global data on mental health conditions (MHCs) among cardiologists are limited. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the global prevalence of MHCs among cardiologists and its relationships to professional life. METHODS: The American College of Cardiology conducted an online survey with 5,931 cardiologists globally in 2019. Data on demographics, practice, MHC, and association with professional activities were analyzed. The P values were calculated using the chi-square, Fischer exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis determined the association of characteristics with MHC. RESULTS: Globally, 1 in 4 cardiologists experience any self-reported MHC, including psychological distress, or major or other psychiatric disorder. There is significant geographic variation in MHCs, with highest and lowest prevalences in South America (39.3%) and Asia (20.1%) (P < 0.001). Predictors of MHCs included experiencing emotional harassment (OR: 2.81; 95% CI: 2.46-3.20), discrimination (OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.61-2.12), being divorced (OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.27-2.36), and age <55 years (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.24-1.66). Women were more likely to consider suicide within the past 12 months (3.8% vs 2.3%), but were also more likely to seek help (42.3% vs 31.1%) as compared with men (all P < 0.001). Nearly one-half of cardiologists reporting MHCs (44%) felt dissatisfied on at least one professional metric including feeling valued, treated fairly, and adequate compensation. CONCLUSIONS: More than 1 in 4 cardiologists experience self-reported MHCs globally, and the association with adverse experiences in professional life is substantial. Dedicated efforts toward prevention and treatment are needed to maximize the contributions of affected cardiologists.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of burnout among health care workers (HCWs), who worked in health centers during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Questionnaire. A comprehensive search based on specific terms was performed through the online studies of Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest, until January 2022. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) tool. Data analysis was carried out through the randomeffects model, and the heterogeneity was investigated by I2 statistic using the software STATA Version 16. In total, seven articles with 5,022 participants were included in the final analysis. Four studies with 4,419 participants reported the prevalence of burnout as percent in moderate and severe types for all three components of burnout syndrome. Our results showed that the 45% of pooled moderate and 37% of severe levels of emotional exhaustion, 49% of pooled moderate and 18% of severe levels of depersonalization, 38% of pooled moderate and 51% of pooled severe levels of reduced personal accomplishment. Whereas six studies with 4,838 sample size reported the mean prevalence of MBI-based burnout syndrome and the mean pooled prevalence of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and accomplishment was 21.57, 7.47, and 33.48, respectively. Based on our findings, HCWs who worked in health centers during COVID-19 outbreak, experienced significant burnout. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement programs to deal with burnout among this populations.

RATIONAL AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate prevalence and demographic factors associated with both burnout and fulfillment of private practice radiologist leaders within the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study cohort was the largest coalition of wholly radiologist owned, independently practicing radiology groups within the United States. Two designated leaders within each of the 30 radiology private practices within the organization Strategic Radiology were electronically mailed a weblink to a confidential IRB-approved survey in July 2021. Surveys included questions from the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index, individual and practice demographics, and self-care. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 67% (40/60). Fulfillment and burnout scores were calculated from the individual questions, and radiologists were classified as being fulfilled or not and burned out or not based upon score cutoffs previously validated from the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI). The overall professional fulfillment rate of staff was 43% and the overall burnout rate was 33%. (Cronbach's ??=?0.90 for fulfillment and 0.91 for burnout). The inverse correlation between professional fulfillment and burnout was highly significant (r?=??0.42, p?=?0.007). No statistically significant association was seen between either burnout or fulfillment and age, gender, ethnicity, practice geography or practice size. CONCLUSION: Utilizing the validated Stanford PFI for assessment, the prevalence of burnout in private practice radiologist leaders was 33%. The prevalence of professional fulfillment was 43%, with a mild inverse association between professional fulfillment and burnout. SUMMARY: In private practice leaders, the prevalence of burnout was 33% and the prevalence of professional fulfillment was 43%.

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Many health systems screen patients for social determinants of health and refer patients with social needs to community service organizations for assistance. However, little is known about social determinants of health among health system employees. We sought to examine the prevalence of social determinants among employees of The MetroHealth System, a large safety-net health system in Cleveland, Ohio. METHODS: We invited participants in an employee wellness program to answer the same screening questions that patients answer about 9 social determinants of health, including food insecurity, financial strain, transportation difficulty, inability to pay for housing or utilities, intimate partner violence, social isolation, infrequent physical activity, daily stress, and lack of internet access. We then determined the percentage of employees who met pre-defined criteria for being at risk for each social determinant. We also examined how these percentages varied across employee job categories. RESULTS: Of 4191 full-time employees, 1932 (46%) completed the survey. The percentage of employees at risk for each social determinant were: food insecurity (11%), financial strain (12%), transportation difficulty (4%), inability to pay for housing or utilities (10%), intimate partner violence (4%), social isolation (48%), infrequent physical activity (10%), daily stress (58%), and lack of internet access (3%). Being at risk for specific social determinants was more common among support staff compared to staff physicians and nurses. For example, the survey participants included 436 administrative support staff, a job category that includes secretaries and patient service representatives. Among this group, 20% reported food insecurity, 20% financial strain, and 17% inability to pay for housing or utilities. CONCLUSIONS: Social determinants of health are common among health system employees, especially among workers in lower paid job categories. Health systems should routinely screen employees for social determinants and adjust salaries, benefits, and assistance programs to address their social needs.

This resource is found in our Actionable Strategies for Health Organizations: Measurement & Accountability.

AIM: The aim of this study was to design and use a parsimonious survey tool to use in real time to assess moral injury and describe how moral injury relates to burnout and intent to leave the job. The Moral Injury Quotient (MIQ) is derived from this 6-item tool. FINDINGS: The MIQ metric has good performance characteristics and captures a substantiative portion of moral injury. It is related to clinically meaningful changes; each 10-point increase in the MIQ was associated with 125% increased odds of burnout (p < 0.001) and 50% increased odds of intending to leave the job (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Measuring and addressing moral injury has major workforce implications. This metric is an “off the shelf” tool that may be helpful in busy clinical settings to assess, implement improvements, and reassess for reductions in moral injury.

The introduction of the COVID-19 pandemic has placed additional strain on healthcare workers, inducing immense levels of stress and workplace burnout. Health care professionals are acutely susceptible to COVID-19 exposure, ultimately leading to elevated levels of anxiety and mental illness. For example, dental professionals are at high risk due to their close work with the oral cavity. To provide temporary relief to the stress, some may turn toward substance use, especially if that individual has some form of mental illness. To curb the onset of burnout and its byproduct of substance use disorder, it is crucial to be equipped with proper tools and healthy habits that can counteract extreme levels of stress. In this article, a time-effective, 3-step method is introduced, with each activity proven to lessen the symptoms of burnout. When followed, an individual can navigate burnout’s symptoms through a healthy mind and body approach. Additionally, resources to find resiliencebuilding and mentorship programs are provided. Common substance use support groups and information regarding group meetings and contact information are listed.

INTRODUCTION: Burnout has been recognized as an occupational hazard among health care professionals. The objective of this study was to assess the extent and pattern of burnout in advanced practice providers (APPs) in urology by analyzing American Urological Association Census data. METHODS: The American Urological Association conducts an annual census survey to all providers in the urological care community, including APPs. In the 2019 Census, the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire was included to measure burnout among APPs. Demographic and practice variables were assessed to establish correlating factors to burnout. RESULTS: A total of 199 APPs (83 physician assistants and 116 nurse practitioners) completed the 2019 Census. Slightly more than 1 in 4 APPs experienced professional burnout (25.3% in physician assistants and 26.7% in nurse practitioners). Observed higher burnout rates were seen in APPs who were aged 45 to 54 (34.3%), women (29.6% vs 10.8% in men, p value <0.05), non-White (33.3% vs 24.9% in White), those who had 4-9 years of practice (32.4%) and those who practiced in academic medical centers (31.7%). Except for gender, none of the above observed differences were statistically significant. Using a multivariate logistic regression model, gender remained the only significant factor associated with burnout (women vs men with an odds ratio of 3.2 [95% confidence interval: 1.1-9.6]). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, APPs in urological care reported lower levels of burnout than urologists; however, there was a higher chance of female APPs experiencing higher professional burnout in comparison to their male counterparts. Future studies are needed to investigate possible reasons for this finding.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if individualized professional coaching reduces burnout, improves quality of life, and increases resilience among surgeons. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Burnout is common among surgeons and associated with suboptimal patient care and personal consequences. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial of 80 surgeons evaluating the impact of 6 monthly professional coaching sessions on burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory), quality of life (single-item linear analog scale), and resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale) immediately post-intervention and 6 months later. Participants randomized to the control group subsequently received 6 professional coaching sessions during months 6 to 12 (delayed intervention). RESULTS: At the conclusion of professional coaching in the immediate intervention group, the rate of overall burnout decreased by 2.5% in the intervention arm compared to an increase of 2.5% in the control arm (delta -5.0%, 95% CI -8.6%, -1.4%, P=0.007). Resilience scores improved by 1.9 points in the intervention arm compared to a decrease of 0.2 points in the control arm (delta 2.2 points, 95% CI 0.07, 4.30, P=0.04). Six months after completion of the coaching period, burnout had returned to near baseline levels while resilience continued to improve among the immediate intervention group. The delayed intervention group experienced improvements in burnout during their coaching experience relative to the immediate intervention group during their postintervention period (18.2% decrease vs. 2.9% increase, delta -21.1%, 95% CI -24.9%, -17.3%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Professional coaching over 6 months improved burnout and resilience among surgeons, with reductions in improvement over the ensuing 6 months.