Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To conduct an integrative review of existing literature evaluating burnout and stress to identify reliable, valid, psychometrically sound survey instruments that are frequently used in published studies and to provide best practices in conducting burnout and stress research within academic pharmacy. FINDINGS: We reviewed 491 articles and found 11 validated reliable surveys to be most frequently cited in the literature that can be used in future burnout and stress research. We also noted frequent misunderstandings and misuse of burnout and stress terminology along with inappropriate measurement. Additionally, we identified a variety of useful websites during the review. Lastly, we identified a relative dearth of published research evaluating organizational solutions to burnout and stress beyond personal factors, i.e., resilience. SUMMARY: Burnout and stress among student pharmacists, faculty, and staff is an important research area that necessitates more robust, rigorous evaluation using validated reliable surveys with appropriate con-textualization within psychological frameworks and theory. Future research evaluating organizational-level attempts to remedy sources of burnout and stress is also needed.
